CHAVEZ AND THE END OF THE MONROE DOCTRINE
The recent tour of Europe points to an aspect of geopolitics in Latin America which had highlighted some items. It is the culmination of the Monroe Doctrine in the geographical context of Latin America and their implications for the U.S. and the rest of the countries of Central and South America and the Caribbean.
As is well known, James Monroe U.S. President between 1817-1825 made these lines of action the U.S. government that are summarized in three measures: 1) refusal to permit further European colonization in America, 2) abstaining from the U.S. in the affairs of Europe and 3) no involvement of European governments in Latin America. These three actions are translated and supplemented by the U.S. territorial expansion, mainly at the expense of Mexican territory, the Louisiana Purchase to France and the acquisition of Florida to Spain with them the U.S. is heading into the consolidation of hegemony in region that has been diminished in recent years.
The government of George W. Bush has chosen to have a higher priority for other geographical areas, forced the so-called "growing older" (Asia Central and Eastern Europe, Middle East) where interest is related to the subject oil and that has allowed it to intervene in two of the largest energy reserves in the world (Afghanistan and Iraq.) However, that choice has had its geopolitical costs, manifested in the introduction of European and Asian capital for strategic investments in vital economic areas, mainly associated with natural resource of great geopolitical (coal, oil, gas, ports, roads communication). Accompanying this process, we found an institutional dynamics of emergence of new type of oil nationalism in Latin America, mainly marked a historical consciousness of the geopolitical significance of energy resources available to them. Governments like Chavez in Venezuela, Lula in Brazil, Evo Morales in Bolivia and Rafael Correa in Ecuador, have raised the banner of defending the oil resources and have used it to achieve greater economic benefits for its citizens.
These principles of defending the sovereignty of energy, have clashed with the American claim to hold a space for intervention by the action taken by the Colombian armed forces, which have been laboratory application of the so-called revolution in military hardware (RAM ), which results in the use of Advances in science and technology in the military. This imbalance caused by Colombia in its military and strategic partnership with the U.S. has led to a rapprochement with other centers of world architecture and world-system, particularly with countries like Russia and China, who have an interest in access to joint exploitation of oil and gases, and have also provided military advice and support to our country and others in the area. The result of this modification of the traditional area of \u200b\u200bU.S. intervention, coupled with the rise of nationalistic policies framed countries has resulted in the completion of the Monroe Doctrine.
As part of that conclusion, Chavez's government ahead of closer ties with other strategic areas worldwide. Contact and strategic alliance with Russia and China (which in turn have trade links with Brazil and Brazil with us), to generate joint projects that result in increased investment in these countries in areas related to oil and gas coupled with the increasing integration of European countries (Portugal, Spain, France, Italy) in the creation of joint exploitation of oil exploration and refining. Do not forget that to the extent that the certification is produced heavy oil in the Orinoco belt, which brings us to a potential than the 270,000 million barrels of oil (about 25% of world reserves, surpassing Saudi Arabia has 180,000 million million), our country becomes more strategic significance. These partnerships, which just signed a foundation placed over the burial of the dominant hegemony of the U.S. in the region and open new spaces for the development of independent political and South-South integration. In this context it should be seen Chavez's tour to Europe. Witnessing a moment in the new global architecture to be followed very carefully.
Dr. Juan Eduardo Romero Universidad del Zulia
Juane1208@gmail.com Historian 28/07/2008
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